WHAT IS LINUX
Linux is a free operating system that was created by linus torvalds when he was a student at the university of Helsinki in1991.Torvalds started Linux by writing a kernel—the heart of the operating system—partly from scratch and partly by using publicity available software.
Today, there are hundreds of software developers around the world contributing software to the Linux effort. Because the source code for the software is freely available, anyone can work on it, change it, or enhance it. On the top of the Linux kernel effort, the creator of Linux also drew on the great deal of system software and applications that are now bundled with Linux fro the GNU software effort, which is directed by free software foundation.
If you heard Linux describer as a free version of UNIX, there is good reason for it.
INTRODUCTION OF RED HAT LINUX
Red hat Linux 8 represents a bold new direction for most popular commercial Linux distribution. While continuing to add powerful, professional server features, red hat inc. has made a major move on the desktop as well. Highlights of desktop enhancements in red hat 8 include:
Providing a more common red hat look and feel across the KDE and GNOME desktops that come with the destination.
Adding and enhancing home grown red hat graphical administrative tools, to simplify administrative tasks.
Nearly 1500 individual software packages are included in this latest release. These packages contain feature that would cost you hundreds or thousands of dollars to duplicate if you bought them as separate commercial products.
COMMON LINUX FEATURE
MULTIUSER:- Not only can you have many user accounts available on Linux system, you can also have multiple user logged in and working on the system at the same time. Users can have their own environments arranged the way they want: their own home directory for storing files and their own desktop interface. Users accounts can be password protected, so that user can control who has access to their application and data.
Multitasking:- in Linux, it is possible to have many program running at the same time, which means that not only can you have many programs going at once, but that the Linux operating system can itself have programs running in the background. Many of these system processes make it possible for Linux to work as a server, with these background processes listening to the network for requests to log into your system, view a web page, print a document, or a copy a file. These background processes are referred to as daemons.
Graphical user interface(X window interface):-The powerful framework for working with graphical applications in Linux is referred to as the X window system. X handles the function of operating X-based graphical user interface applications and displaying them on an X server process (the process that manages your screen, mouse and keyboard).
Hardware support:- you can configure support for almost every type of hardware that can be connected to a computer. There is support for floppy disk drives, CD-ROMs, removable disks, sounds cards, tape drives, video cards, and most anything else you can think of.
Networking connectivity:-To connect your Linux system to a network, Linux offers support for variety of local area network boards, modems, and serial devices. In addition to LAN protocols, all the most popular upper- level net working protocols can be built- in. The most popular of these protocols is TCP/IP. Other protocols, such as IPX and X.25 are also available
Network servers:- Providing networking services to the client computer on LAN or to the entire internet is what Linux does best. A variety of software packages are server, news server, or workgroup server.
Application support;- Because of compatibility with POSIX several different application programming interfaces, a wide range of freeware and shareware software is available for Linux. Most GNU software from the free software foundation will run in Linux
ADAVANTAGES OF LINUX
When compared to different commercially available operating system, linux’s best assets are its price and its reliability. Most people know that its initial price is free (or at least under $100 when it comes in a box or with a book).however, when people talk about linux’s.
Affordability, they are usually thinking of its total cost, which includes the capability of using inexpensive hardware and capability free add- on applications. Although commercial operating systems tend to encourage upgrading to later hardware, Linux doesn’t
In terms of reliability, the general consensus is comparable to many commercial UNIX systems but more reliable than most desktop- oriented operating systems. This is especially true if you rely on your computer system to stay up because it is a Web server or a file server.
Another advantage of using Linux is that help is always available on the internet. There is probably someone out there in a Linux newsgroup that is willing to help you get around your problem. Because the source code is available, if you need something fixed you can even patch the code yourself! On the other hand, I’ve seen commercial operating system vendors sit on reported problems for months without fixing them. Remember that the culture of Linux is one that thrives on people helping other people.
HARDWARE NEEDED FOR LINUX
CD ROM
FLOPPY DISK
HARD DISK(MIN 3GB)
RAM (32MB)
80386 PROCESSOR
TYPE OF TERMINAL
DUMB TERMINAL
TERMINAL EMULATION
DIAL IN TERMINAL
1) DUMB TERMINAL:-A terminal that does no have any processing unit. Example :-keyboard and monitor are dumb terminal
2) Terminal emulation:-Attaching a PC which has its own microprocessor, memory and disk driver to the host machine. From this PC we can emulate it to work on different terminal. If it is a dumb terminal at such time memory, processor and driver of the PC are not used and PC can not carry out any processing on its own
Thursday, May 14, 2009
Sunday, May 10, 2009
Getting start with LINUX
Installing Red Hat Linux
In this chapter there are five type of installing
Quick installing
Detailed installing instructions
Special installing procedures
Special installing topics
Troubleshooting installation
A simplified installation procedure is one of the best reasons for using a Linux distribution such as Red Hat Linux. In many cases, for a computer dedicated to using Linux, you can just pop in the Red Hat Linux CDs, choose from several preset configurations, and be up and running Linux in less than an hour
If you want to share your computer with both Linux and Microsoft windows, Red Hat offers several ways to go about doing that. If your computer doesn’t have a CD drive, net work and Hard Disk installs are available. To preconfigured Red Hat Linux to install on multiple, similar computer, you can use the Kick start installation.
Quick installation
It can be a little intimidating to see a thick chapter on installation. But the truth is, if you have a little bite of experience with computers and a computer with common hardware, you can probably install Red Hat Linux pretty easily. The procedure in this section will get you going quickly if you have:
· The Red Hat Linux Installation CDs that come with this book.
· A PC with a built-in, bootable CD-ROM drive, at least 64MB of RAM or 128MB of RAM at least 400MB of free hard disk space for a minimal at least 2GB of free space for work station install, and at least 1.3GB for a server install .
For this quick procedure, you must either be dedicating your entire hard disk to the Linux, have a preconfigured Linux partition, or have free space on your hard disk out side any existing window partition
CAUTION: If you are not dedicating your whole hard disk to Red Hat Linux and you don’t understand partitioning, skip to the “detailed installation instructions” section in the chapter. That section describes choices for having both Linux and window on the same computer.
Here’s how you get started:
Insert the first Red Hat Linux installation CD into your computer’s CD-ROM drive.
Reboot your computer.
When you see the installation screen, press enter to begin the installation.
During installation, you are asked questions about your computer hardware and net work connections. After you have completed each answer, click next. The following list describes the information you will need to enter.
· Language- Choose your language
· Keyboard- Choose your keyboard
· Mouse- Identify the type of mouse you are using
· Install-Choose configuration, such as Workstation, server, Laptop, or custom. If you have an earlier version of Red Hat Linux installed, you can choose. Upgrade to upgrade your system without losing date files.
· Partitions- Either have Red Hat choose your partitions or customize your own. You must have at least one Linux partition, which must be assigned to root and a swap partition. You may be asked to format that partition.
· GRUB- Add the GRUB boot manger to control the boot process.
· Network configuration – Set up your LAN connection. Information includes your computer’s IP address, net mask, network number, broadcast address, host name, default gateway, and DNS servers. You can also indicate whether to activate your network when Linux boots.
· Firewall – Choose a default firewall configuration. Select high if you plan to connect to the internet but don’t plan to use Linux as a server. Choose custom if you want to make particular services available to the network, with no connection to a public network. You can also customize the firewall to allow selected interfaces or services.
· Language support – Choose to installs support languages
· Time zone –Identify the time zone in which you are located.
· User accounts –Add the account password and add at least one regular user.
· Authentication –Choose whether to use a network-based authentications scheme, including the following NIS, LDAP, Kerberos 5,or SMB
· Packages –For custom installations, choose group of software packages to install
· Installing package –To this point you can quit install process without having written any thing to disk when you select next the selected package are install
· Boot disk –Create about disk
· Video –Identify your video card
· Monitor – Identify your monitor by selecting the vendor and model
· Custom X configuration –Indicate the color depth and screen you can also choose your GUI environment and whether you will see a graphical or text based login prompt
During installation, you can choose software based on the type of system you want or select package individually. I installed all packages, which I recommend doing only if you are trying out Linux in a non-production environment and have the disk space .Minimal for a Linux firewall/router.
CAUTION: If your computer is connected to the internet, you should be more selective about which server package you install because they can pose potential security risks. A misconfigured server can be like an open window to your computer.
The packages takes between 20 and 60 minute, depending on the number of packages and speed of computer hardware. During this time, you will be asked to insert the other Red Hat installation CDs.
When installation is done, remove the Red Hat Linux CD and click Exit to reboot your computer. When you see the boot screen, use up and down arrow to select a partition. Linux should boot by default. After Linux boots for the first time, the Red Hat Setup Agent runs to let you set system date and time, sign up for software update, and install additional CDs. On subsequent reboot, you will see a login prompt. If you need more information than this procedure provides, go to the detailed installation instructions just ahead.
Detailed Installation instructions
This section provided more detail on installation. Besides expending on the installation procedure, this section also provide information on different installation type and on choosing computer hardware.
TIP: If anything goes wrong during installation and you get stuck, go to the “Troubleshooting Your installation “section letter in this chapter. It gives suggestion for solving common installation problem.
Choosing an installation method
Red Hat Linux offers very flexible ways of installing the operating system. Of course,
I recommend installing Red Hat Linux from the CDs that come with this book. However
If you don’t have the Red hat CDs or if you don’t have working CD-ROM drive, you
Can install Red Hat Linux from any of several different types of media. There are also several special types of installation. The installation type noted here are described fully in the “Special installation Procedures” section.
For more information about RedHat Linux installation follow link
http://www.redhat.com/docs/en-US/JBoss_ON/html/Installation_Guide/
In this chapter there are five type of installing
Quick installing
Detailed installing instructions
Special installing procedures
Special installing topics
Troubleshooting installation
A simplified installation procedure is one of the best reasons for using a Linux distribution such as Red Hat Linux. In many cases, for a computer dedicated to using Linux, you can just pop in the Red Hat Linux CDs, choose from several preset configurations, and be up and running Linux in less than an hour
If you want to share your computer with both Linux and Microsoft windows, Red Hat offers several ways to go about doing that. If your computer doesn’t have a CD drive, net work and Hard Disk installs are available. To preconfigured Red Hat Linux to install on multiple, similar computer, you can use the Kick start installation.
Quick installation
It can be a little intimidating to see a thick chapter on installation. But the truth is, if you have a little bite of experience with computers and a computer with common hardware, you can probably install Red Hat Linux pretty easily. The procedure in this section will get you going quickly if you have:
· The Red Hat Linux Installation CDs that come with this book.
· A PC with a built-in, bootable CD-ROM drive, at least 64MB of RAM or 128MB of RAM at least 400MB of free hard disk space for a minimal at least 2GB of free space for work station install, and at least 1.3GB for a server install .
For this quick procedure, you must either be dedicating your entire hard disk to the Linux, have a preconfigured Linux partition, or have free space on your hard disk out side any existing window partition
CAUTION: If you are not dedicating your whole hard disk to Red Hat Linux and you don’t understand partitioning, skip to the “detailed installation instructions” section in the chapter. That section describes choices for having both Linux and window on the same computer.
Here’s how you get started:
Insert the first Red Hat Linux installation CD into your computer’s CD-ROM drive.
Reboot your computer.
When you see the installation screen, press enter to begin the installation.
During installation, you are asked questions about your computer hardware and net work connections. After you have completed each answer, click next. The following list describes the information you will need to enter.
· Language- Choose your language
· Keyboard- Choose your keyboard
· Mouse- Identify the type of mouse you are using
· Install-Choose configuration, such as Workstation, server, Laptop, or custom. If you have an earlier version of Red Hat Linux installed, you can choose. Upgrade to upgrade your system without losing date files.
· Partitions- Either have Red Hat choose your partitions or customize your own. You must have at least one Linux partition, which must be assigned to root and a swap partition. You may be asked to format that partition.
· GRUB- Add the GRUB boot manger to control the boot process.
· Network configuration – Set up your LAN connection. Information includes your computer’s IP address, net mask, network number, broadcast address, host name, default gateway, and DNS servers. You can also indicate whether to activate your network when Linux boots.
· Firewall – Choose a default firewall configuration. Select high if you plan to connect to the internet but don’t plan to use Linux as a server. Choose custom if you want to make particular services available to the network, with no connection to a public network. You can also customize the firewall to allow selected interfaces or services.
· Language support – Choose to installs support languages
· Time zone –Identify the time zone in which you are located.
· User accounts –Add the account password and add at least one regular user.
· Authentication –Choose whether to use a network-based authentications scheme, including the following NIS, LDAP, Kerberos 5,or SMB
· Packages –For custom installations, choose group of software packages to install
· Installing package –To this point you can quit install process without having written any thing to disk when you select next the selected package are install
· Boot disk –Create about disk
· Video –Identify your video card
· Monitor – Identify your monitor by selecting the vendor and model
· Custom X configuration –Indicate the color depth and screen you can also choose your GUI environment and whether you will see a graphical or text based login prompt
During installation, you can choose software based on the type of system you want or select package individually. I installed all packages, which I recommend doing only if you are trying out Linux in a non-production environment and have the disk space .Minimal for a Linux firewall/router.
CAUTION: If your computer is connected to the internet, you should be more selective about which server package you install because they can pose potential security risks. A misconfigured server can be like an open window to your computer.
The packages takes between 20 and 60 minute, depending on the number of packages and speed of computer hardware. During this time, you will be asked to insert the other Red Hat installation CDs.
When installation is done, remove the Red Hat Linux CD and click Exit to reboot your computer. When you see the boot screen, use up and down arrow to select a partition. Linux should boot by default. After Linux boots for the first time, the Red Hat Setup Agent runs to let you set system date and time, sign up for software update, and install additional CDs. On subsequent reboot, you will see a login prompt. If you need more information than this procedure provides, go to the detailed installation instructions just ahead.
Detailed Installation instructions
This section provided more detail on installation. Besides expending on the installation procedure, this section also provide information on different installation type and on choosing computer hardware.
TIP: If anything goes wrong during installation and you get stuck, go to the “Troubleshooting Your installation “section letter in this chapter. It gives suggestion for solving common installation problem.
Choosing an installation method
Red Hat Linux offers very flexible ways of installing the operating system. Of course,
I recommend installing Red Hat Linux from the CDs that come with this book. However
If you don’t have the Red hat CDs or if you don’t have working CD-ROM drive, you
Can install Red Hat Linux from any of several different types of media. There are also several special types of installation. The installation type noted here are described fully in the “Special installation Procedures” section.
For more information about RedHat Linux installation follow link
http://www.redhat.com/docs/en-US/JBoss_ON/html/Installation_Guide/
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